Inorganic and Composite Printed Electronics 2008-2018

World's only report on the topic
World's only report on these technologies, presenting forecasts, players, technologies and opportunities
Description
This unique report assesses the huge opportunities for fine chemicals, printing, production equipment and electronics companies in the largest part of the emerging $300 billion printed electronics business. Semiconductors, dielectrics, conductors, light emitters etc for displays, photovoltaics, transistors and much more are covered. Company profiles and ten year forecasts are given.
It is often argued that the inorganic options are interim, because the progress is coming to an end whereas organics are "future proof". Nothing could be further from the truth. For conductors with vastly better conductance and cost, for the best printed batteries, for quantum dot devices and for transistor semiconductors with ten times the mobility, look to the new inorganics. That is the emerging world of new nanoparticle metal and alloy inks that are magnitudes superior in cost, conductivity and stability, such as the flexible zinc oxide based transistor semiconductors working at ten times the frequency and with best stability and life, along with many other inorganic materials. Read the world's only report that pulls all this together in readable form.
Detailed forecasts
In 2008 IDTechEx find that the amount spent on inorganic electronic components and inorganic materials for composite components will be $861 million - more than that spent on organic electronics. Much of this is in fairly mature markets - metal flake ink used for conductors in heated windscreens, membrane keyboards and circuit boards; and disposable sensors for the multi billion glucose sensor labels sold yearly. However, also making an impact in 2008 in this figure are electrophoretic, electroluminescent and electrochromic displays, laminar batteries and thin film photovoltaics such as CIGS and CDTe devices.
In 2008 inorganic semiconductors will begin to be sold from companies such as Kovio for RFID tags, being able to perform to existing RFID tag standards thanks to much higher mobilities than organic semiconductors.

Source: IDTechEx
IDTechEx find that in 2018, of a total $46.94 billion market (which includes printed and thin film displays, logic, memory, photovoltaics, power and sensors), the amount spent on inorganic components as a whole or in composites with organics will be approximately 49.3% - $23.15 billion. This highlights the importance of inorganic printed electronics and the opportunity for companies to be involved.
This IDTechEx report "Inorganic Printed and Composite Electronics" describes the reasons for the market growth based on wide industry research, participants and their achievements in these inorganic-based activities and the fabulous opportunities that lie ahead for them. Trends and forecasts to 2028 are given.
With over 135 tables and figures, this report critically compares the options, the trends and the emerging applications. It is the first in the world to comprehensively cover this exciting growth area. The emphasis is on technology basics, commercialisation and the key players.
This report is suitable for all companies developing or interested in the opportunity of printed or thin film electronics materials, manufacturing technologies or complete device fabrication and integration.
Technologies covered
The report considers inorganic printed and thin film electronics for displays, lighting, semiconductors, sensors, conductors, photovoltaics, batteries and memory giving detailed company profiles not available elsewhere. The coverage is global - with companies from East Asia to Europe to America covered in this report. The full contents list is shown at the bottom of this page.
The application of the technology in relation to other types such as organic electronics and silicon chips is given, with detailed information clearly summarised in over 135 tables and figures, such as those below. The table shows the likely impact of inorganic printed and potentially printed technology to 2018 by giving the dominant chemistry by device and device element. Dark green shows where inorganic technology is extremely important for the active (non-linear) components such as semiconductors. Light green shows important contributions from hybrid inorganic-organic technology. Red shows where organic technology has the greatest potential over inorganic.

Source: IDTechEx
Value chain dynamics studied
For some, it becomes a matter of "Shall I make the new inorganics printable?" or "Shall I make organics work better?" Not everyone is jumping the same way. Indeed there is a spectrum of choice as shown in the figure below. Here we are simplifying in calling the right side "organic" because it almost always involves metal conductors, just as the left side often involves organic substrates. The technologies live together - and that is not just an interim stage.

Source: IDTechEx
This report is essential for all those wishing to understand this technology, the players, opportunities and applications, to ensure they are not surpassed.
Additional benefits
The report price also includes free access to the electronic version of the IDTechEx Encyclopedia of Printed Electronics with over 380 definitions and 30 illustrations. This 110 page report is normally sold for $1500.00.
In addition, all report purchases include one hour free consulting with a report author from IDTechEx, by email or telephone.
Further information
If you have any questions about this report, please do not hesitate to contact Raoul or call + 44 1223 813703.
| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS | |
| 1. | INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1. | Printed electronics - reasons why |
| 1.2. | Impact of printed electronics on conventional electronics |
| 1.3. | Progress so far |
| 1.3.1. | The age of silicon |
| 1.3.2. | The dream of organic electronics |
| 1.3.3. | The example of smart clothing |
| 1.3.4. | Slow progress with organic conductors |
| 1.3.5. | New inorganic materials and composites are often better |
| 1.3.6. | Trade-off between inorganic and organic solutions |
| 1.4. | The new inorganic printed and thin film devices |
| 1.4.1. | Rapidly widening choice of elements - déjà vu |
| 1.4.2. | Example - printed lighting |
| 1.4.3. | Example - printed photodetectors |
| 2. | INORGANIC TRANSISTORS |
| 2.1. | Inorganic compound semiconductors for transistors- the history |
| 2.1.1. | Learning how to print inorganic compound transistors |
| 2.1.2. | Zinc oxide based transistor semiconductors |
| 2.1.3. | Amorphous InGaZnO |
| 2.1.4. | Gallium arsenide semiconductors for transistors |
| 2.1.5. | Transfer printing silicon and gallium arsenide on film |
| 2.1.6. | Silicon nanoparticle ink |
| 2.2. | Inorganic dielectrics for transistors |
| 2.2.1. | Solution processed barium titanate nanocomposite |
| 2.2.2. | Alternative inorganic dielectrics HafSOx etc |
| 2.2.3. | Hybrid inorganic dielectrics - zirconia |
| 2.2.4. | Hafnium oxide - latest work |
| 2.2.5. | Aluminium, lanthanum and other oxides |
| 2.3. | Hewlett Packard prints aSi backplanes reel to reel |
| 2.4. | Inorganic transistors on paper |
| 2.5. | Progress Towards p-type Metal Oxide Semiconductors |
| 2.6. | Hybrid inorganic/organic transistors and memory |
| 2.6.1. | Resistive switching |
| 2.6.2. | Oxides as anodes |
| 3. | INORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS |
| 3.1. | Performance criteria and limitations of silicon photovoltaics |
| 3.2. | Comparison of photovoltaic technologies |
| 3.3. | Non-silicon inorganic options |
| 3.3.1. | Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide (CIGS) |
| 3.3.2. | Gallium arsenide |
| 3.3.3. | Gallium arsenide - germanium |
| 3.3.4. | Gallium indium phosphide and gallium indium arsenide |
| 3.3.5. | Cadmium telluride and cadmium selenide |
| 3.3.6. | Porous zinc oxide |
| 3.3.7. | Polymer-quantum dot devices CdSe, CdSe/ZnS, PbS, PbSe |
| 3.3.8. | Other inorganic semiconductors for PV |
| 3.4. | Inorganic-organic and carbon-organic formulations |
| 3.4.1. | Titanium dioxide Dye Sensitised Solar Cells DSSC |
| 3.4.2. | Fullerene enhanced polymers |
| 3.5. | Other advances in 2008 |
| 3.6. | Cobalt, phosphate and ITO to store the energy |
| 4. | BATTERIES |
| 4.1. | Applications of laminar batteries |
| 4.2. | Technology and developers |
| 4.2.1. | Battery overview |
| 4.2.2. | CEA Liten |
| 4.2.3. | Rocket Electric, Bexel, Samsung, LG Chemicals and micro SKC batteries for Ubiquitous Sensor Networks |
| 4.2.4. | Power Paper |
| 4.2.5. | Solicore, USA |
| 4.2.6. | SCI, USA |
| 4.2.7. | Infinite Power Solutions, USA |
| 4.2.8. | Cymbet USA |
| 4.2.9. | Blue Spark Technologies USA |
| 4.2.10. | Enfucell |
| 4.2.11. | Progress with lithium batteries in 2008 |
| 4.2.12. | Printed battery research |
| 4.3. | Smart skin patches |
| 5. | INORGANIC CONDUCTORS AND SENSORS |
| 5.1. | Silver, indium tin oxide and general comparisons. |
| 5.2. | Conductor deposition technologies |
| 5.3. | Conductive Inks |
| 5.4. | Printed conductors for RFID tag antennas |
| 5.5. | Printing wide area sensors and their memory: Polyscene, Polyapply, 3Plast, PriMeBits, Motorola |
| 5.6. | Phase Change Memory |
| 5.7. | Printing metamaterials |
| 5.8. | Company profiles |
| 5.8.1. | ASK |
| 5.8.2. | Poly-Flex |
| 5.8.3. | Avery Dennison |
| 5.8.4. | Parelec |
| 5.8.5. | Sun Chemical (Coates Circuit Products) |
| 5.8.6. | Mark Andy |
| 5.8.7. | UPM Raflatac (formerly UPM Rafsec) |
| 5.8.8. | Stork Prints |
| 5.9. | Electroless plating and electroplating technologies |
| 5.9.1. | Qinetiq Metal Printing (QMP) |
| 5.9.2. | Conductive Inkjet Technology |
| 5.9.3. | Omron |
| 5.9.4. | Meco |
| 5.9.5. | Additive Process Technologies Ltd |
| 5.9.6. | Ertek |
| 5.9.7. | Patterning Technologies Limited (PTL) |
| 5.9.8. | RCD Technology Corporation |
| 5.10. | Polymer - metal suspensions |
| 5.11. | Comparison of options |
| 5.12. | Dry Phase Patterning (DPP) |
| 5.13. | Inorganic biomedical sensors |
| 5.13.1. | Disposable blocked artery sensors |
| 5.13.2. | Disposable asthma analysis |
| 6. | NANOTUBES AND NANOWIRES |
| 6.1. | Nanotubes |
| 6.2. | Nanorods in photovoltaics |
| 6.3. | Zinc oxide nanorod semiconductors |
| 6.4. | Zinc oxide nano-lasers |
| 6.5. | Indium oxide nanowires |
| 6.6. | Zinc oxide nanorod piezo power |
| 7. | INORGANIC AND HYBRID DISPLAYS AND LIGHTING |
| 7.1. | AC Electroluminescent |
| 7.1.1. | Electroluminescent and other printed displays |
| 7.1.2. | CASE STUDY: elumin8 |
| 7.1.3. | Rapid Improvements in AC Electroluminescent Displays |
| 7.2. | Thermochromic |
| 7.2.1. | Heat generation and sensitivity |
| 7.2.2. | CASE STUDY: Duracell battery testers |
| 7.3. | Electrophoretic |
| 7.3.1. | Colour electrophoretics |
| 7.3.2. | E-ink display on Esquire magazine |
| 7.4. | Inorganic LED lighting and hybrid OLED |
| 7.5. | Quantum dot lighting and displays |
| 8. | COMPANY PROFILES |
| 8.1. | Motorola |
| 8.2. | Hewlett Packard |
| 8.3. | Unidym |
| 8.4. | NanoMas Technologies |
| 8.5. | Miasolé |
| 8.6. | Konarka |
| 8.7. | Spectrolab |
| 8.8. | G24i |
| 8.9. | Soligie |
| 9. | TIMELINES, SIZING OF OPPORTUNITIES AND MARKET FORECASTS |
| 9.1. | Market forecasts 2008-2028 |
| 9.2. | Materials |
| 9.3. | Devices |
| 9.3.1. | Photovoltaics |
| 9.3.2. | Batteries, displays, etc |
| APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS | |
| APPENDIX 2: WHO IS WINNING WITH OLED LIGHTING? | |
| APPENDIX 3: REPLACING PRINTED SILVER WITH COPPER | |
| APPENDIX 4: GLOSSARY | |
| TABLES | |
| 1.1. | Comparison of thin film silicon and organic thin films as transistor semiconductors. |
| 1.2. | Likely impact of inorganic printed and potentially printed technology to 2017 |
| 2.1. | Comparison of printed polymer ink used in pilot production of organic transistors vs two thin film inorganic semiconductors for transistors vs nanosilicon ink |
| 2.2. | Some of the organisations developing zinc oxide transistors |
| 2.3. | Some properties of new thin film dielectrics |
| 2.4. | Benefits and challenges of R2R electronics fabrication were seen as follows: |
| 2.5. | Printing choices |
| 3.1. | Efficiency vs deliverable output power |
| 3.2. | Efficiencies for thin film solar cells |
| 3.3. | Technology comparison between inorganic and other photovoltaic cells on plastic film |
| 3.4. | Summary of some of the important performance criteria for photovoltaics by type |
| 3.5. | Some recent results for inorganic and organic-fullerine photovoltaic cells |
| 3.6. | Companies pursuing industrial production of CIGS photovoltaics |
| 3.7. | Quantum Dots Available |
| 3.8. | Typical quantum dot materials from Evident and their likely application. |
| 3.9. | Thin film market share module cost by technology |
| 4.1. | Some examples of marketing thrust for laminar batteries |
| 4.2. | Shapes of battery for small RFID tags advantages and disadvantages |
| 4.3. | Examples of suppliers of coin type batteries by country |
| 4.4. | The spectrum of choice of technologies for batteries in smart packaging |
| 4.5. | Reel to reel printing of TBT batteries. |
| 4.6. | Examples of potential sources of flexible thin film batteries |
| 4.7. | Examples of universities and research centres developing laminar batteries |
| 4.8. | Examples of drugs and cosmetics applied by company using iontophoresis |
| 5.1. | Main applications of conductive inks and some major suppliers today |
| 5.2. | Different options for printing electronics, level of success and examples of companies |
| 5.3. | Comparison of metal etch (e.g. copper and aluminium) conductor choices |
| 5.4. | Electroless metal plate - Additive print process with weakly conductive ink (e.g. plastics or carbon) followed by wet metal plating |
| 5.5. | Electro metal plate - Additive print process with weakly conductive ink (e.g. plastics or carbon) followed by dry metal plating |
| 5.6. | Printable metallic conductors cure at LT e.g. silver based ink |
| 5.7. | Parameters for metal ink choices |
| 5.8. | Market share among suppliers for metal (mainly silver) PTF inks |
| 5.9. | Examples of companies progressing printed RFID antennas etc |
| 5.10. | Some companies progressing ink jettable conductors |
| 5.11. | A typical process cost comparison for RFID antennas |
| 5.12. | Possibilities for various new printed conductors. |
| 6.1. | Charge carrier mobility of carbon nanotubes compared with alternatives |
| 9.1. | The market for inorganic versus organic electronics defined by chemistry of key element |
| 9.2. | Percentage share as a whole of the market |
| 9.3. | Printed electronics materials and other elements of device income 2008-2028 in billions of dollars |
| 9.4. | Market for printed and potentially printed electronic devices 2008-2028 in billions of dollars |
| 9.5. | Statistics for electronic labels and their potential locations |
| FIGURES | |
| 1.1. | SuperPanoramic cockpit with closable opaque layer - a concept of the US Air Force. |
| 1.2. | US Warfighter's back pack must reduce in weight. Wrist displays, printed antennas, batteries, electronics and power generation will be part of this. |
| 1.3. | Toppan Forms vision of a smart Tokyo Transportation network |
| 1.4. | Smart home |
| 1.5. | Future shop |
| 1.6. | Future office |
| 1.7. | The smart airport will simplify air travel |
| 1.8. | The different impact of the new printed electronics on various existing electric and electronic markets. |
| 1.9. | Organic electronics - the dream |
| 1.10. | Concept of a power jacket |
| 1.11. | Silicon solar tents - heavy, semi rigid and expensive, but a start |
| 1.12. | Organic FET compared with silicon FET |
| 1.13. | Attributes and problems of inorganic, hybrid and organic thin film electronics form a spectrum. |
| 1.14. | Elements employed in the silicon chip business where blue refers to before the 1990s, green for since the 1990s and red for beyond 2005. |
| 1.15. | Projections for flexible printed and thin film lighting 2007-2025 |
| 1.16. | Printed nanosilver cathodes and anodes in the Nanoident photodetector arrays |
| 1.17. | Nanoident photodetector array |
| 1.18. | Nanoident combined display and photosensor array |
| 2.1. | Transparent inorganic transistor |
| 2.2. | Example of ZnO based transistor circuit. |
| 2.3. | Using a nanolaminate as an e-platform |
| 2.4. | TEM images of solution processed nanolaminates |
| 2.5. | Cross-sectional schematic view of an amorphous oxide TFT |
| 2.6. | Transparent and flexible active matrix backplanes fabricated on PEN films |
| 2.7. | Semprius transfer printing |
| 2.8. | Performance of Kovio's ink versus others by mobility |
| 2.9. | Road map |
| 2.10. | Motorola high permittivity printable OFET dielectric using a barium titanate organic nanocomposite |
| 2.11. | Hybrid organic-inorganic transistor and right dual dielectric transistor |
| 2.12. | Web as clean room |
| 2.13. | The basic imprint lithography process |
| 2.14. | Zinc oxide transistors printed on to paper |
| 2.15. | SEM image of p-type ZnO nanowires. |
| 3.1. | Wafer vs thin film photovoltaics |
| 3.2. | Summary of the applicational requirements for the large potential markets |
| 3.3. | Progress in improving the efficiency of the different types of photovoltaic cell 1975-2005. |
| 3.4. | CIGS photovoltaic cell configuration |
| 3.5. | Physical Vapor Deposition System for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layers |
| 3.6. | Flexible CIGS module on plastic film |
| 3.7. | CIGS-CGS absorber layer |
| 3.8. | Roll to roll production of CIGS on metal or polyimide film |
| 3.9. | An example of flexible, lightweight CdTe photovoltaics on polymer film |
| 3.10. | Mass production of flexible thin film electronic devices using the three generations of technology. |
| 3.11. | A typical DSSC construction |
| 3.12. | Printed polymer DSSCs as constructed by Solaronix |
| 3.13. | Solid DSSC from CEA Liten |
| 3.14. | Typical Solaronix DSSC assembly process. |
| 3.15. | Examples of DSSCs |
| 3.16. | Fullerene-pentacene photovoltaic device |
| 3.17. | Advantages of Pulse Thermal Processing (PTP) |
| 4.1. | Inorganic micro-battery development by CEA Liten, illustrating the various chemistries |
| 4.2. | CEA Liten Li-Ion battery development |
| 4.3. | The Power Paper battery |
| 4.4. | The Infinite Power battery is very small |
| 4.5. | Infinite Power batteries ready for use |
| 4.6. | Cymbet lithium thin film flexible battery |
| 4.7. | Relative performance claimed by Cymbet for its flexible batteries |
| 4.8. | Carbon zinc thin film battery from Blue Spark Technologies, formerly Thin Battery Technologies. |
| 4.9. | Examples of smart skin patches. |
| 4.10. | The four generations of delivery skin patches |
| 4.11. | The Estee Lauder smart cosmetic patch with printed inorganic battery and electrodes launched in 2006 a three pack costing $50 and an eight pack costing $100. |
| 4.12. | The ultimate dream for smart skin patches for drugs - closed loop automated treatment. |
| 4.13. | Evolution of smart skin patches |
| 5.1. | Silver-based ink as printed and after curing |
| 5.2. | Conductance in ohms per square for the different printable conductive materials compared with bulk metal |
| 5.3. | Loading for spherical conductive fillers |
| 5.4. | Commercial takeoff of different printing technologies for RFID antennas |
| 5.5. | Choice of printing technology for RFID antennas today |
| 5.6. | How negative refractive index works |
| 5.7. | How to make a working printed metamaterial |
| 5.8. | Example of fabricated antennas |
| 5.9. | Meco's Flex Antenna Plating (FAP) machine |
| 5.10. | APT's FFD prototype can operate faster than 20 meters per minute. |
| 5.11. | Dry Phase Patterned inductor |
| 6.1. | Properties and morphology of single walled carbon nanotubes |
| 6.2. | Zinc oxide nanowires generating power |
| 7.1. | An example of an elumin8 electroluminescent display |
| 7.2. | A promotional display used at DeBeers |
| 7.3. | A concept inorganic electroluminescent display that is created by the energy of the sun on a window |
| 7.4. | The six inorganic layers of an ac electroluminescent display screen printed by elumin8 the phosphor is Cu doped ZnS from DuPont |
| 7.5. | elumin8 billboard display with changing images |
| 7.6. | Pelikon TV remote control and moving image in Fossil watch using ac electroluminescent display using eight inorganic layers |
| 7.7. | AC electroluminescent apparel |
| 7.8. | Pelikon products have progressed as follows |
| 7.9. | Future timelines from Pelikon |
| 7.10. | Experimental game printed on beer pack by VTT Technology of Finland |
| 7.11. | Duracell battery testing chipless label - front and reverse view |
| 7.12. | An experimental flexible electrophoretic display |
| 7.13. | Principle of operation of electrophoretic displays |
| 7.14. | Sony electrophoretic e-book using thin film amorphous silicon backplane driver transistor array on glass |
| 7.15. | Motorola mobile phone with electrophoretic display |
| 7.16. | Electronic paper from Fujitsu |
| 7.17. | Esquire magazine cover with e-ink display |
| 8.1. | Unidym's target markets for transparent conducting nanotube films |
| 8.2. | NanoMas technology |
| 8.3. | Konarka thin film solar cell arrays |
| 8.4. | G24i has a new UK factory printing titanium oxide photovoltaics |
| 8.5. | G24i's advanced solar technology vs traditional polycrystalline |
| 8.6. | Soligie smart skin patch |
| 9.1. | Printed electronics materials and other elements of device income 2008-2018 |
| 9.2. | Market for printed and potentially printed electronic devices by chemistry of key element 2008-2018 in billions of dollars |
| 9.3. | Konarka estimates of opening markets for flexible photovoltaics |
| 9.4. | Photovoltaic market growth in megawatts by country 2004-2010 |
| 9.5. | Organic semiconductor projection by IBM |
| 9.6. | Technical challenges for the next ten year to improvement of FDICD capabilities |
| 9.7. | Facts about media |
| 9.8. | SM Products Road Map |
| 9.9. | Flexible LCD, OLED and electrophoretic display roadmap by Plastic Logic |
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"A good flowing report of a suitable technical level..."
Cathy Curling, Consultant
Report Statistics
![]() | Pages | 272 |
![]() | Tables | 49 |
![]() | Figures | 117 |
![]() | Forecasts to | 2018 |
![]() | Last update | Nov 2008 |
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